Iran, officially known as the Islamic Republic of Iran, is situated in Western Asia, bordered by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkey, and Iraq. It also has extensive coastlines on the Caspian Sea to the north and the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman to the south. Tehran is the capital and largest city, serving as the economic, cultural, and political center of the country.
Iran is home to one of the world’s oldest civilizations, with settlements dating back to 4000 BCE. The area was historically known as Persia, renowned for its contributions to art, science, and philosophy. The nation’s rich cultural legacy is mirrored in numerous architectural wonders and heritage sites, including the ancient ruins of Persepolis.
Today, Iran has a mixed economy with a large public sector. It is a major producer of fossil fuels, boasting the world’s second-largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven petroleum reserves. Iran’s political system combines elements of a parliamentary democracy with a theocracy governed by Islamic laws. The country plays a significant role in international energy security and global politics due to its strategic location and vast energy resources.
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