Ethiopia, officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Addis Ababa, the capital, is an important city in African politics and diplomacy. As one of the oldest nations in the world, Ethiopia has a heritage dating back to prehistoric times and is famous for being the region where modern humans first emerged. It is the only African country that was never colonized, maintaining its independence throughout the Scramble for Africa, except for a brief Italian occupation during World War II. Ethiopia is known for its diverse cultures and languages, with over 80 ethnic groups and as many languages. Its varied landscapes range from vast highlands and plateaus to lowland deserts. The economy is largely based on agriculture, but the country is diversifying into manufacturing and energy production. Ethiopia is also noted for its archaeological finds, including some of the earliest known human ancestors.
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