Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Cairo, the capital, is one of the largest cities in Africa and the Middle East. Egypt is known for its ancient civilization and some of the world’s most famous monuments, including the Giza pyramids, the Great Sphinx, and the ancient temples of Luxor dating back thousands of years. The Nile River, running northward through Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea, is vital to its agricultural economy, supporting the densest population areas. Egypt’s economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry, and services at almost equal production levels. Egypt is culturally significant in terms of its contributions to the arts, science, and politics in the Arab world.
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