Canada is the second-largest country in the world by area, located in North America. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north, sharing the world’s longest undefended border with the United States to the south. Canada’s capital is Ottawa, and its major cities include Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Known for its vast and diverse natural landscapes, Canada features a range of environments from Arctic tundras in the north to dense forests and numerous lakes and rivers. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with the monarch of the United Kingdom as the head of state. It is officially bilingual, with English and French as the official languages. The country is known for its multicultural population and progressive policies on health care, education, and civil liberties.