Occupying a crossroads of Central and South Asia, Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country with a rich history and complex landscape. Rugged mountains dominate much of the Afghan terrain, including the Hindu Kush range. However, the country also boasts fertile valleys, vast deserts, and the Amu Darya river basin. Afghanistan’s cultural heritage is just as diverse, influenced by Persian, Turkic, and Islamic traditions. This is reflected in its languages, music, and cuisine. Kabul, the capital city, is a center of commerce and culture, despite ongoing challenges. Afghanistan is known for its historical significance, being along the Silk Road trade route and home to ancient cities like Balkh. The country possesses significant mineral resources, but its recent history has been marked by conflict and political instability.
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